When a young Eva Kollisch arrives as a refugee in New York in 1940, she finds a community among socialists who share her values and idealism. She soon discovers ‘the cause’ isn’t as idyllic as it seems. Little does she know this is the beginning of a lifelong commitment to activism and her determination to create radical change in ways that include belonging, love and one's full self. In addition to Eva Kollisch’s memoirs Girl in Movement (2000) and The Ground Under My Feet (2014), LBI’s collections include an oral history interview with Eva conducted in 2014 and the papers of Eva’s mother, poet Margarete Kolllisch, which document Eva’s childhood experience on the Kindertransport. Learn more at www.lbi.org/kollisch . Exile is a production of the Leo Baeck Institute , New York | Berlin and Antica Productions . It’s narrated by Mandy Patinkin. Executive Producers include Katrina Onstad, Stuart Coxe, and Bernie Blum. Senior Producer is Debbie Pacheco. Associate Producers are Hailey Choi and Emily Morantz. Research and translation by Isabella Kempf. Sound design and audio mix by Philip Wilson, with help from Cameron McIver. Theme music by Oliver Wickham. Voice acting by Natalia Bushnik. Special thanks to the Kollisch family for the use of Eva’s two memoirs, “Girl in Movement” and “The Ground Under My Feet”, the Sophia Smith Collection at Smith College and their “Voices of Feminism Oral History Project”, and Soundtrack New York.…
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S1E3 | Ivan Radin | Mechanosensing in plant
Manage episode 320238857 series 3299153
Вміст надано Arif Ashraf. Весь вміст подкастів, включаючи епізоди, графіку та описи подкастів, завантажується та надається безпосередньо компанією Arif Ashraf або його партнером по платформі подкастів. Якщо ви вважаєте, що хтось використовує ваш захищений авторським правом твір без вашого дозволу, ви можете виконати процедуру, описану тут https://uk.player.fm/legal.
Article: Plant PIEZO homologs modulate vacuole morphology during tip growth
Journal: Science
Year: 2021
Guest: Ivan Radin
Host: Arif Ashraf
Molecular Plant Editorial highlight: Evolutionarily conserved mechanosensor PIEZO in land plants
Abstract
In animals, PIEZOs are plasma membrane–localized cation channels involved in diverse mechanosensory processes. We investigated PIEZO function in tip-growing cells in the moss Physcomitrium patens and the flowering plant Arabidopsis thaliana. PpPIEZO1 and PpPIEZO2 redundantly contribute to the normal growth, size, and cytoplasmic calcium oscillations of caulonemal cells. Both PpPIEZO1 and PpPIEZO2 localized to vacuolar membranes. Loss-of-function, gain-of-function, and overexpression mutants revealed that moss PIEZO homologs promote increased complexity of vacuolar membranes through tubulation, internalization, and/or fission. Arabidopsis PIEZO1 also localized to the tonoplast and is required for vacuole tubulation in the tips of pollen tubes. We propose that in plant cells the tonoplast has more freedom of movement than the plasma membrane, making it a more effective location for mechanosensory proteins.
30 епізодів
ПоширитиManage episode 320238857 series 3299153
Вміст надано Arif Ashraf. Весь вміст подкастів, включаючи епізоди, графіку та описи подкастів, завантажується та надається безпосередньо компанією Arif Ashraf або його партнером по платформі подкастів. Якщо ви вважаєте, що хтось використовує ваш захищений авторським правом твір без вашого дозволу, ви можете виконати процедуру, описану тут https://uk.player.fm/legal.
Article: Plant PIEZO homologs modulate vacuole morphology during tip growth
Journal: Science
Year: 2021
Guest: Ivan Radin
Host: Arif Ashraf
Molecular Plant Editorial highlight: Evolutionarily conserved mechanosensor PIEZO in land plants
Abstract
In animals, PIEZOs are plasma membrane–localized cation channels involved in diverse mechanosensory processes. We investigated PIEZO function in tip-growing cells in the moss Physcomitrium patens and the flowering plant Arabidopsis thaliana. PpPIEZO1 and PpPIEZO2 redundantly contribute to the normal growth, size, and cytoplasmic calcium oscillations of caulonemal cells. Both PpPIEZO1 and PpPIEZO2 localized to vacuolar membranes. Loss-of-function, gain-of-function, and overexpression mutants revealed that moss PIEZO homologs promote increased complexity of vacuolar membranes through tubulation, internalization, and/or fission. Arabidopsis PIEZO1 also localized to the tonoplast and is required for vacuole tubulation in the tips of pollen tubes. We propose that in plant cells the tonoplast has more freedom of movement than the plasma membrane, making it a more effective location for mechanosensory proteins.
30 епізодів
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No Time To Read podcast S3E7 Translational landscape in a maize microRNA biogenesis mutant Guest: Hailong Yang, Bartlett lab, University of Massachusetts Amherst Previously at Beth Thompson’s lab, East Carolina University Twitter/X: @hailongcorn Host: Arif Ashraf, Assistant Professor, Department of Biology, Howard University Twitter/X: @aribidopsis…
No Time To Read podcast S3E6 Cell wall integrity and endomembrane trafficking Guest: Natalie Hoffmann, McFarlane lab, University of Toronto Host: Arif Ashraf, Assistant Professor, Department of Biology, Howard University Twitter/X: @aribidopsis
1 S3E5 | Joseph Gallagher | GRASSY TILLERS1 (GT1) and SIX-ROWED SPIKE1 (VRS1) homologs share conserved roles in growth repression 19:13
No Time To Read podcast S3E5 GRASSY TILLERS1 (GT1) and SIX-ROWED SPIKE1 (VRS1) homologs share conserved roles in growth repression Guest: Joseph Gallagher, US Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agricultural Research Service (ARS) Twitter/X: @Joe_P_Gallagher Host: Arif Ashraf, Assistant Professor, Department of Biology, Howard University Twitter/X: @aribidopsis…
No Time To Read podcast S3E4 Combined plant stress database Guest: Muthappa Senthil-Kumar, Principal Investigator, National Institute of Plant Genome Research (NIPGR), India Twitter/X: @SCIPdatabase Host: Arif Ashraf, Assistant Professor, Department of Biology, Howard University Twitter/X: @aribidopsis…
1 S3E3 | Cara Winter & Pablo Szekely | SHR and SCR coordinate root patterning and growth early in the cell cycle 26:59
No Time To Read podcast S3E3 SHR and SCR coordinate root patterning and growth early in the cell cycle Guest: Cara Winter, Associate Research Professor, Duke University Pablo Szekely, Postdoc, Benfey Lab, Duke University Host: Arif Ashraf, Assistant Professor, Department of Biology, Howard University Twitter/X: @aribidopsis…
1 S3E2 | Sonali Roy | The peptide GOLVEN10 alters root development and noduletaxis in Medicago truncatula 17:18
No Time To Read podcast S3E2 The peptide GOLVEN10 alters root development and noduletaxis in Medicago truncatula Guest: Sonali Roy, Assistant Professor, Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Tennessee State University Twitter/X: @SonaliRoy_ Host: Arif Ashraf, Assistant Professor, Department of Biology, Howard University Twitter/X: @aribidopsis…
1 S3E1 | Ryan Nett | Plant carbonic anhydrase-like enzymes in neuroactive alkaloid biosynthesis 23:21
No Time To Read podcast S3E1 Plant carbonic anhydrase-like enzymes in neuroactive alkaloid biosynthesis Guest: Ryan Nett, Assistant Professor, Department of Molecular and cellular Biology, Harvard University Twitter/X: @rnett42 Host: Arif Ashraf, Assistant Professor, Department of Biology, Howard University Twitter/X: @aribidopsis…
Season 3 of the No Time To Read podcast is starting soon. Thanks for your support as an audience.
Article: DNA methylation signatures of duplicate gene evolution in angiosperms Journal: Plant Physiology Year: 2023 Guest: Sunil Kenchanmane Raju Host: Arif Ashraf Abstract Gene duplication is a source of evolutionary novelty. DNA methylation may play a role in the evolution of duplicate genes (paralogs) through its association with gene expression. While this relationship has been examined to varying extents in a few individual species, the generalizability of these results at either a broad phylogenetic scale with species of differing duplication histories or across a population remains unknown. We applied a comparative epigenomic approach to 43 angiosperm species across the phylogeny and a population of 928 Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) accessions, examining the association of DNA methylation with paralog evolution. Genic DNA methylation was differentially associated with duplication type, the age of duplication, sequence evolution, and gene expression. Whole-genome duplicates were typically enriched for CG-only gene body methylated or unmethylated genes, while single-gene duplications were typically enriched for non-CG methylated or unmethylated genes. Non-CG methylation, in particular, was a characteristic of more recent single-gene duplicates. Core angiosperm gene families were differentiated into those which preferentially retain paralogs and “duplication-resistant” families, which convergently reverted to singletons following duplication. Duplication-resistant families that still have paralogous copies were, uncharacteristically for core angiosperm genes, enriched for non-CG methylation. Non-CG methylated paralogs had higher rates of sequence evolution, higher frequency of presence–absence variation, and more limited expression. This suggests that silencing by non-CG methylation may be important to maintaining dosage following duplication and be a precursor to fractionation. Our results indicate that genic methylation marks differing evolutionary trajectories and fates between paralogous genes and have a role in maintaining dosage following duplication. Cover art design and audio editing: Ragib Anjum…
Article: Extensive embryonic patterning without cellular differentiation primes the plant epidermis for efficient post-embryonic stomatal activities Journal: Developmental Cell Year: 2023 Guest: Margot Smit Host: Arif Ashraf Abstract Plant leaves feature epidermal stomata that are organized in stereotyped patterns. How does the pattern originate? We provide transcriptomic, imaging, and genetic evidence that Arabidopsis embryos engage known stomatal fate and patterning factors to create regularly spaced stomatal precursor cells. Analysis of embryos from 36 plant species indicates that this trait is widespread among angiosperms. Embryonic stomatal patterning in Arabidopsis is established in three stages: first, broad SPEECHLESS (SPCH) expression; second, coalescence of SPCH and its targets into discrete domains; and third, one round of asymmetric division to create stomatal precursors. Lineage progression is then halted until after germination. We show that the embryonic stomatal pattern enables fast stomatal differentiation and photosynthetic activity upon germination, but it also guides the formation of additional stomata as the leaf expands. In addition, key stomatal regulators are prevented from driving the fate transitions they can induce after germination, identifying stage-specific layers of regulation that control lineage progression during embryogenesis. Cover art design and audio editing: Ragib Anjum…
Article: A dolabralexin-deficient mutant provides insight into specialized diterpenoid metabolism in maize Journal: Plant Physiology Year: 2023 Guest: Katie Murphy Host: Arif Ashraf Abstract Two major groups of specialized metabolites in maize ( Zea mays ), termed kauralexins and dolabralexins, serve as known or predicted diterpenoid defenses against pathogens, herbivores, and other environmental stressors. To consider the physiological roles of the recently discovered dolabralexin pathway, we examined dolabralexin structural diversity, tissue-specificity, and stress-elicited production in a defined biosynthetic pathway mutant. Metabolomics analyses support a larger number of dolabralexin pathway products than previously known. We identified dolabradienol as a previously undetected pathway metabolite and characterized its enzymatic production. Transcript and metabolite profiling showed that dolabralexin biosynthesis and accumulation predominantly occur in primary roots and show quantitative variation across genetically diverse inbred lines. Generation and analysis of CRISPR-Cas9-derived loss-of-function Kaurene Synthase-Like 4 ( Zmksl4 ) mutants demonstrated dolabralexin production deficiency, thus supporting ZmKSL4 as the diterpene synthase responsible for the conversion of geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate precursors into dolabradiene and downstream pathway products. Zmksl4 mutants further display altered root-to-shoot ratios and root architecture in response to water deficit. Collectively, these results demonstrate dolabralexin biosynthesis via ZmKSL4 as a committed pathway node biochemically separating kauralexin and dolabralexin metabolism, and suggest an interactive role of maize dolabralexins in plant vigor during abiotic stress. Cover art design and audio editing: Ragib Anjum…
Article: Transcriptional responses to gibberellin in the maize tassel and control by DELLA domain proteins Journal: The Plant Journal Year: 2022 Guest: Norman Best Host: Arif Ashraf Abstract The plant hormone gibberellin (GA) impacts plant growth and development differently depending on the developmental context. In the maize (Zea mays) tassel, application of GA alters floral development, resulting in the persistence of pistils. GA signaling is achieved by the GA-dependent turnover of DELLA domain transcription factors, encoded by dwarf8 (d8) and dwarf9 (d9) in maize. The D8-Mpl and D9-1 alleles disrupt GA signaling, resulting in short plants and normal tassel floret development in the presence of excess GA. However, D9-1 mutants are unable to block GA-induced pistil development. Gene expression in developing tassels of D8-Mpl and D9-1 mutants and their wild-type siblings was determined upon excess GA3 and mock treatments. Using GA-sensitive transcripts as reporters of GA signaling, we identified a weak loss of repression under mock conditions in both mutants, with the effect in D9-1 being greater. D9-1 was also less able to repress GA signaling in the presence of excess GA3. We treated a diverse set of maize inbred lines with excess GA3 and measured the phenotypic consequences on multiple aspects of development (e.g., height and pistil persistence in tassel florets). Genotype affected all GA-regulated phenotypes but there was no correlation between any of the GA-affected phenotypes, indicating that the complexity of the relationship between GA and development extends beyond the two-gene epistasis previously demonstrated for GA and brassinosteroid biosynthetic mutants. Cover art design and audio editing: Ragib Anjum…
Article: A single-cell Arabidopsis root atlas reveals developmental trajectories in wild-type and cell identity mutants Journal: Developmental Cell Year: 2022 Guest: Rachel Shahan Host: Arif Ashraf Abstract In all multicellular organisms, transcriptional networks orchestrate organ development. The Arabidopsis root, with its simple structure and indeterminate growth, is an ideal model for investigating the spatiotemporal transcriptional signatures underlying developmental trajectories. To map gene expression dynamics across root cell types and developmental time, we built a comprehensive, organ-scale atlas at single-cell resolution. In addition to estimating developmental progressions in pseudotime, we employed the mathematical concept of optimal transport to infer developmental trajectories and identify their underlying regulators. To demonstrate the utility of the atlas to interpret new datasets, we profiled mutants for two key transcriptional regulators at single-cell resolution, shortroot and scarecrow . We report transcriptomic and in vivo evidence for tissue trans-differentiation underlying a mixed cell identity phenotype in scarecrow . Our results support the atlas as a rich community resource for unraveling the transcriptional programs that specify and maintain cell identity to regulate spatiotemporal organ development. Cover art design and audio editing: Ragib Anjum…
Article: Genome of Paspalum vaginatum and the role of trehalose mediated autophagy in increasing maize biomass Journal: Nature Communications Year: 2022 Guest: Guangchao Sun Host: Arif Ashraf Abstract A number of crop wild relatives can tolerate extreme stress to a degree outside the range observed in their domesticated relatives. However, it is unclear whether or how the molecular mechanisms employed by these species can be translated to domesticated crops. Paspalum ( Paspalum vaginatum ) is a self-incompatible and multiply stress-tolerant wild relative of maize and sorghum. Here, we describe the sequencing and pseudomolecule level assembly of a vegetatively propagated accession of P. vaginatum . Phylogenetic analysis based on 6,151 single-copy syntenic orthologues conserved in 6 related grass species places paspalum as an outgroup of the maize-sorghum clade. In parallel metabolic experiments, paspalum, but neither maize nor sorghum, exhibits a significant increase in trehalose when grown under nutrient-deficit conditions. Inducing trehalose accumulation in maize, imitating the metabolic phenotype of paspalum, results in autophagy dependent increases in biomass accumulation. Cover art design and audio editing: Ragib Anjum…
Article: The miR156 juvenility factor and PLETHORA 2 form a regulatory network and influence timing of meristem growth and lateral root emergence Journal: Development Year: 2022 Guest: Marta Laskowski Host: Arif Ashraf Abstract Plants develop throughout their lives: seeds become seedlings that mature and form fruits and seeds. Although the underlying mechanisms that drive these developmental phase transitions have been well elucidated for shoots, the extent to which they affect the root is less clear. However, root anatomy does change as some plants mature; meristems enlarge and radial thickening occurs. Here, in Arabidopsis thaliana, we show that overexpressing miR156A, a gene that promotes the juvenile phase, increased the density of the root system, even in grafted plants in which only the rootstock had the overexpression genotype. In the root, overexpression of miR156A resulted in lower levels of PLETHORA 2, a protein that affects formation of the meristem and elongation zone. Crossing in an extra copy of PLETHORA 2 partially rescued the effects of miR156A overexpression on traits affecting root architecture, including meristem length and the rate of lateral root emergence. Consistent with this, PLETHORA 2 also inhibited the root-tip expression of another miR156 gene, miR156C. We conclude that the system driving phase change in the shoot affects developmental progression in the root, and that PLETHORA 2 participates in this network. Cover art design and audio editing: Ragib Anjum…
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